What specifically constitutes a hole is somewhat ambiguous, but if you pull on the thread a bit, you’ll probably agree that it’s a topological quality and that homotopy groups and homology are good candidates. The most grounded way to approach the topic is with simplicial homology.
What specifically constitutes a hole is somewhat ambiguous, but if you pull on the thread a bit, you’ll probably agree that it’s a topological quality and that homotopy groups and homology are good candidates. The most grounded way to approach the topic is with simplicial homology.